US appeals court rules for AmEx in card dispute

US appeals court rules for AmEx in card dispute

American Express and American Express Corporate cards are seen in this file photo. REUTERS
American Express and American Express Corporate cards are seen in this file photo. REUTERS

NEW YORK: A federal appeals court on Monday cleared the way for American Express Co to block merchants that accept its cards from steering customers toward lower-cost cards from other issuers.

The 2nd US Circuit Court of Appeals in New York said a lower court judge in Brooklyn erred in February 2015 in finding that American Express' "anti-steering" rules violated federal antitrust law.

Underlying the case were the fees that merchants pay to process transactions, which the US government estimated at more than $50 billion a year, and which can be passed along to cardholders in the form of higher prices.

The lower court judge, Nicholas Garaufis, had found that non-discrimination provisions (NDPs) in American Express' merchant agreements, meant to dissuade customers from using cards from Visa and MasterCard, unreasonably restrained competition.

But the appeals court said Garaufis erred by focusing entirely on the interests of merchants rather than cardholders who might benefit from American Express rewards programmes and perceived prestige.

"Though merchants may desire lower fees, those fees are necessary to maintaining cardholder satisfaction," Circuit Judge Richard Wesley wrote for a three-judge panel.

"So long as AmEx's market share is derived from cardholder satisfaction, there is no reason to intervene and disturb the present functioning of the payment-card industry," he added.

The decision may help American Express compete for space in customer wallets with Visa Inc and MasterCard Inc, whose cards are more plentiful but whose customers spend less.

It may also help American Express boost revenue as it cuts costs to help offset the loss of lucrative co-branding relationships such as with Costco Wholesale Corp.

Monday's decision is also a defeat for the US government and 17 states, led by Ohio, that challenged American Express' anti-steering rules.

Visa and MasterCard settled similar lawsuits in 2011 by agreeing to change their rules.

Mark Abueg, a US Department of Justice spokesman, declined to comment. Kate Hanson, a spokeswoman for Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine, said they were reviewing the decision.

"American Express earned a major victory today," chief executive Kenneth Chenault told employees in a memo reviewed by Reuters.

"It is unfair to allow merchants who have agreed to honour our cards to then discriminate against American Express and our card members, and it is fundamentally unfair to interfere with consumers' rights to choose how they want to pay," he said.

Lawyers for dozens of retailers, such as Target Corp and Wal-Mart Stores Inc, had argued that voiding American Express' anti-steering rules would encourage competition, and drive prices they pay to card networks lower.

In his ruling, Garaufis had said the non-discrimination provisions enabled American Express to wrongfully exploit its 26.4% share of purchase volume in the US credit and charge card market.

The judge later imposed an injunction that also allowed merchants to offer discounts, rebates and other incentives to customers for using other cards with lower fees.

But in December, after American Express said the injunction would cause irreparable harm, the appeals court temporarily lifted it, enabling the company to enforce its rules during the appeal.

Monday's decision means it can continue doing so.

Visa and MasterCard together have about 1.2 billion cards in the United States. American Express had 47 million as of June 30, down about 15% from 55.3 million a year earlier.

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