WASHINGTON — The US economy slowed in the final three months of 2014 as a big burst in consumer spending was offset by weakness in other areas.
The Commerce Department said the overall economy grew by 2.6% from the same period a year earlier, down from sizzling gains of 4.6% in the second quarter and 5% in the third quarter.
Consumers did their part in the fourth quarter, pushing up spending by fastest rate in nearly nine years. But businesses investment, trade and government spending weakened.
For the year, the economy grew at a moderate rate of 2.4%. But economists believe 2015 could be a breakout year for growth, with consumer spending boosted by strong employment gains and falling fuel prices. Many expect growth above 3% this year. Growth at that rate would continue to outpace other big economies around the world.
Last week, the International Monetary Fund cut its outlook for global growth over the next two years, warning that weakness in most major economies will trump lower oil prices. But the IMF increased its outlook for the US economy, pegging growth this year at 3.6%. If that forecast comes true, it would mark the fastest annual US growth in over a decade, since the economy expanded 3.8% in 2004.
That would mark a sharp acceleration after a string of sub-par years in which the economy grew at just over 2%. That weakness reflected the struggle the country faced in pulling out of the 2007-09 Great Recession, the worst downturn since the 1930s.
Forecasters say the US economy at long last has turned the corner with solid job growth and plunging gasoline prices combining to boost consumer spending, which accounts for two-thirds of economic output.
"It took us a while to get here, but I think the economy is finally off and running," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics.
"We are seeing a number of positive developments. Businesses are hiring aggressively and the big drop in gas prices means that people have more money to spend on other items."
Global oil prices have fallen by nearly 60% in just seven months with the nationwide average for gasoline now around $2 per gallon (equivalent to 18 baht per litre).
That decline translates into a savings for consumers of about $175 billion, Zandi said. "A big part of growth this year will be people spending their gasoline savings," he said.
The Federal Reserve on Wednesday took note of the better economic conditions while promising to remain "patient" in deciding when it is time to begin raising interest rates. A key Fed rate has been at a record low near zero for six years.