Braving the sun requires ultimate protection, since a tube labelled with a high SPF (sun-protection factor) and PA (protection grade of UVA) may not be enough in shielding from electromagnetic radiation.
Through product launches, cosmetic companies are hyping the need to beef up skin defences with a full spectrum sunscreen.
The solar spectrum is composed of UV, visible light and infrared radiation (IR). The danger of UV radiation has people religiously slathering sunscreen to prevent premature skin ageing triggered by UVA and sunburn caused by UVB.
There is less awareness on how visible light and IR can harm the skin, particularly through oxidative damage, while IR additionally induces heat damage.
Recent research also identified high-energy visible light in the blue/violet band as a skin wrecker, stirring a concern about screen time of electronic devices. Further research is required to verify the extent of skin damage from light emitted from digital screens.
The use of sunscreen has extended to both outdoor and indoor protection to shield from all types of radiation that contribute to wrinkling. Antioxidants have also become a common ingredient in sunscreens.
Besides radiation, urban and industrial pollution take a toll on the skin, with these environmental factors considered in formulating sunscreen products containing antioxidants and ingredients that strengthen the skin barrier from atmospheric pollutants.
A part of the beauty routine since ancient Egypt, sun protection was initially aimed to prevent skin-darkening since a lighter complexion was considered more attractive than being tanned. Today, skin-brightening agents are featured in sun-defence formulas to tackle hyperpigmentation, which remains a major concern among women.
