Deputy Prime Minister Prawit Wongsuwon left for China on Wednesday, accompanied by top security officials, for a four-day visit ending on Saturday.
Gen Prawit, who is also defence minister, said the talks will mainly focus on security issues and to follow-up on plans to sell Thai rice and rubber to China.
China has pledged to buy 2 million tonnes of rice and 200,000 tonnes of rubber from Thailand. The buying process is still being negotiated.
He will be calling on Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang and ACM Xu Qiliang, vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. The schedules for the meetings were not disclosed.
The deputy prime minister did not say whether talks would include the Erawan bombing on Aug 17.
Thai authorities believe the blasts could be linked to the restive Uighur minority in China's Xinjiang province. The foreigner regarded as the prime suspect arrested in Sa Kaeo is believed to be an ethnic Uighur. Thailand expatriated 109 Uighurs back to China recently, sparking a human rights alarm.
Officials accompanying Gen Prawit included army chief Gen Udomdej Sitabutr, National Security Council secretary-general Anusit Kunakorn and his successor, Gen Thawip Netniyom.
Assistant national police chief Pol Gen Chakthip Chaijinda briefed him on progress in the bomb case at Royal Thai Air Force headquarters before Gen Prawit departed for Beijing.