The United States military will station a powerful radar and a space telescope in Australia as part of its strategic shift towards Asia, the two countries announced Wednesday.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (2nd L) and Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr (L), participate in a wreath laying ceremony at the State War Memorial prior to meetings in Perth on November 14, 2012. US and Australian ministers have sought to bolster security ties at annual talks, such as expanding exercises and deploying more advanced ships and hardware to Southeast Asia.
US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta described the deal as a "major leap forward in bilateral space cooperation and an important new frontier in the United States' rebalance to the Asia-Pacific region".
The transfer of the C-band radar "will add considerably to surveillance of space debris in our part of the world", Australian Defence Minister Stephen Smith told a news conference.
The plan, unveiled at annual strategic talks between the two nations, calls for the first deployment of a US Air Force C-band radar in the Southern Hemisphere, allowing the Americans to better track space debris well as Chinese space launches, senior US defence officials said.
"It will give us visibility into things that are leaving the atmosphere, entering the atmosphere, really all throughout Asia," a US defence official told reporters on condition of anonymity.
At the meeting of foreign and defence ministers in the western Australian city of Perth, the two governments also launched discussions on granting the Americans future access to air bases in northern Australia as well as naval ports, including one in nearby Stirling, Smith said.
Smith welcomed the deployment of US Marines this year in Australia's north, where 250-strong contingents spend six-month tours. He said the two sides would soon increase the number of boots on the ground to more than a thousand, with the goal of 2,500 Marines in place by 2016-17.
A joint communique signalled "increased rotations of US aircraft through northern Australia" but also struck a cautious note, saying any enhanced US military presence "would require substantial further study and additional decisions by both capitals".
Anxious over China's growing military might and territorial tensions with its neighbours, US officials are pushing for a more visible military role across the region.
This includes expanding military exercises and deploying more advanced ships and hardware, particularly in Southeast Asia.
Smith said holding the talks in the western coastal city underlined the growing importance of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, home to vital shipping lanes and growing economies.
"Here you see the world moving to the Asia-Pacific, the world moving to the Indo-Pacific, not just with security implications but with enormous economic investment and prosperity," he said.
Before Wednesday's meeting Secretary of State Hillary Clinton vowed that the US was fully committed to its pivot to Asia over the long term, despite crises in the Middle East and fiscal pressures at home.
Speaking Tuesday evening at the University of Western Australia, she underlined America's "expanding engagement" in the region.
"It's important that we make absolutely clear we are here to stay," she said, adding that it was important to see India become more involved in the region and that the US would welcome Australia-India joint naval exercises.
Although US and Australian officials privately worry about Beijing's assertive behaviour in the South China Sea and elsewhere, Clinton insisted the United States supported the peaceful rise of China.
"(We) hope to see gradual but consistent opening up of a Chinese society and political system that will more closely give the Chinese people the opportunities that we in the United States and Australia are lucky to take for granted," she said.
The US-Australia talks are taking place as China's Communist Party undergoes a once-in-a-decade leadership transition.
The ministers also renewed their support for the planned withdrawal of foreign combat troops from Afghanistan by the end of 2014. But the two governments also discussed the possibility of Australian special forces taking part in a smaller residual force with the United States after 2014.
"I believe that is worth considering," Panetta said, adding the Australian special forces could play a role in a counter-terrorism mission in Afghanistan aimed at Al-Qaeda and its allies.