TEHERAN: Iranian hard-liners rallied on Saturday to support the country's supreme leader and clerically overseen government as spontaneous protests sparked by anger over the ailing economy rattled major cities.
The demonstrations, commemorating a 2009 pro-government rally challenging those who rejected the re-election of hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad amid fraud allegations, had been scheduled weeks earlier.
However, they took on new importance after the economic protests began on Thursday, sparked by social media posts and a surge in prices of basic food supplies, inlcuding eggs and poultry.
Thousands have gone into the streets of several cities in Iran, beginning first in Mashhad, the country's second-largest city and a holy site for Shia pilgrims. Demonstrators also have criticised the government during the protests, with social media videos showing clashes between protesters and police.
The semi-official Fars news agency said protests on Friday also struck Qom, the world's foremost centre for Shia Islamic scholarship and home to a major Shia shrine.
The spontaneous demonstrations appear to be the largest to strike the Islamic Republic since the 2009 Green Movement arose after Ahmadinejad's re-election. However, information about them remains scarce as both state-run and semi-official media in Iran have not widely reported on the protests.
State TV on Saturday aired its first reports on the protests, acknowledging that some protesters chanted the name of the former shah, who fled into exile just before the 1979 revolution.
"Counterrevolution groups and foreign media are continuing their organised efforts to misuse the people's economic and livelihood problems and their legitimate demands to provide an opportunity for unlawful gatherings and possibly chaos," state TV said.
Live coverage, meanwhile, was devoted to Saturday's pro-government "9 Dey Epic" demonstrations. State television aired footage from across the country showing people waving flags and carrying banners bearing the image of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
In Teheran, 4,000 people gathered at the Musalla prayer ground in central Teheran. They called for criminal trials for Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mahdi Karroubi, leaders in the Green Movement who have been under house arrest since 2011. President Hassan Rouhani, whose administration struck the 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, campaigned for freeing the men, though they remain held.
Mohsen Araki, a Shia cleric who serves in Iran's Assembly of Experts, praised Rouhani's efforts at improving the economy. However, he said Rouhani needed to do more to challenge "enemy pressures".
"We must go back to the pre-nuclear deal situation," Araki said. "The enemy has not kept with its commitments."
Ali Ahmadi, a pro-government demonstrator, blamed the US for all of Iran's economic problems.
"They always say that we are supporting Iranian people, but who should pay the costs?" he asked.
Iran's economy has improved since the nuclear deal, which saw Iran limit its enrichment of uranium in exchange for the end of some of the international sanctions that crippled its economy. Teheran now sells its oil on the global market and has signed deals for tens of billions of dollars of Western aircraft.
That improvement has reached the average Iranian, however. Unemployment remains high. Official inflation has crept up to 10% again. A recent increase in egg and poultry prices by as much as 40%, which a government spokesman has blamed on a cull over avian flu fears, appears to have been the spark for the protests.
While police have arrested some protesters, the powerful Revolutionary Guard and its affiliates have not intervened as they have in other unauthorised demonstrations since the 2009 election. The economic protests initially just put pressure on Rouhani's administration, but purported footage from recent demonstrations have included anti-government chants.
Early on Saturday, US President Donald Trump tweeted out his support for the protests.
"Many reports of peaceful protests by Iranian citizens fed up with regime's corruption & its squandering of the nation's wealth to fund terrorism abroad," he wrote. "Iranian govt should respect their people's rights, including right to express themselves. The world is watching! #IranProtests."
It's unclear what effect Trump's support would have. Iranians already are largely sceptical of him over his refusal to re-certify the nuclear deal. Trump's insistence in an October speech on using the term "Arabian Gulf" in place of the Persian Gulf also has also irritated the Iranian public.
The State Department issued a statement Friday supporting the protests, referencing earlier comments made by Secretary of State Rex Tillerson.
"Iran's leaders have turned a wealthy country with a rich history and culture into an economically depleted rogue state whose chief exports are violence, bloodshed and chaos," the statement said.