Finding a balance in fisheries war

Finding a balance in fisheries war

Over the past five years, local media in Indonesia has been flooded with images of Susi Pudjiastuti, the former fisheries minister, overseeing the sinking of illegal fishing boats.

The semi-military hat Ms Susi often wore on these occasions signified her position as head of the Presidential Task Force 115, which led other security forces in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in Indonesian waters.

Such images may not be seen again during President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo's second administration.

Edhy Prabowo, the new Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Minister, has promised Indonesia will halt its sinking of illegal fishing boats, arguing that the policy was the result of ineffective communication over the past five years between the ministry and other stakeholders in the fisheries sector.

His main argument for not implementing the same "sink them all" policy was that it had not contributed much to increasing Indonesia's fishery exports.

Instead of sinking the boats, it would be better to give them to local fishermen, Mr Edhy said, adding he wanted to focus more on increasing Indonesia's fish exports, which necessitated a friendlier approach.

High on Mr Edhy's agenda when he took office was meeting sector stakeholders to hear their concerns. Many reportedly claimed they did not receive any benefits from the previous minister.

The Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry last year released data showing fishery exports had fallen to their lowest in five years. The data implied there was an unproductive relationship between Ms Susi and the fisheries sector.

The Maritime Affairs and Investment Minister, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, had clashed several times with Ms Susi over the matter. Mr Luhut said the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry should be more business-friendly to support the administration's goal to increase fishery exports.

The new minister, Mr Edhy, seems to have got the message and is determined to change the ministry's policy direction.

However, the war against IUU fishing should not be abandoned. Regardless of all the criticism of Ms Susi's communication with business owners in the fisheries sector, it has to be said her success in combating IUU fishing was huge.

The world has acknowledged Ms Susi's achievement in tackling IUU fishing and her efforts to promote more sustainable uses for the world's oceans.

A 2018 study by the Center for Sustainable Ocean Policy at the University of Indonesia, carried out in conjunction with Coventry University in the United Kingdom, found her policy of sinking illegal fishing boats had contributed significantly to increasing Indonesia's fish stocks.

Many traditional fishermen said they no longer had to sail far into the ocean in search of fish during the five years Ms Susi was in charge.

The fact that fishery exports did not automatically increase despite this boost in fish stocks shows that Indonesian fishermen lack the expertise and facilities to catch and market them.

One factor is the banning of high-capacity, ex-foreign fishing vessels in Indonesian waters.

The absence of large-tonnage fishing vessels in Indonesian waters did result in a decreasing number of fish caught. But this only means the ministry should be more concerned with increasing the capacity of local fishermen to ensure they can catch more fish.

The key to boosting the performance of the fisheries sector in Joko Widodo's second term as Indonesian president should be the integration of efforts to eradicate IUU fishing with better support for local fishermen. The ultimate goal is to reach a balance between ensuring welfare for fishermen and maintaining sustainable use of our oceans.

The strategy will backfire if it only focuses on creating a more business-friendly front for the ministry but neglects the fight against the unsustainable use of the sea.

Finding this balanced approach should become the priority of Mr Widodo's new administration -- if he remains committed to his vision of turning Indonesia into a global maritime fulcrum.


Aristyo Rizka Darmawan is a researcher at the Centre for Sustainable Ocean Policy in the Faculty of Law Universitas Indonesia and is a fellow at the Centre for Politics and Transnationalism at Policylab. This article recently appeared in the Jakarta Globe.

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