Agriculture has long been a cornerstone of Thailand's economy, employing about a third of the workforce and generating over $49 billion (approximately 167,500 million baht) in exports annually. It is not only a vital sector but also one of the country’s greatest opportunities for growth. Both the government and industry are committed to transforming Thailand’s agricultural sector into a global powerhouse. Modern technology, innovative practices, and sustainable solutions hold the key to unlocking its full potential.
Despite its importance, the sector faces significant challenges that limit its progress. These include limited access to advanced technology, insufficient adoption of sustainable farming methods, and continued reliance on traditional practices. Addressing these issues could enhance yield reliability and better equip farmers to combat climate-related challenges, such as pests and extreme weather conditions.
A 2021 survey by the Thailand Development Research Institute revealed that many farmers remain hesitant to adopt new practices, largely due to a lack of understanding of their benefits. Overcoming this barrier is critical for transforming the sector into a stronger economic driver.
Climate change adds further complexity, with unpredictable weather patterns disrupting crop yields, causing supply instability, and driving up prices. Recent floods in Thailand, which impacted 32 provinces, have damaged farmlands and driven a spike in vegetable prices nationwide.
If left unaddressed, these challenges could significantly harm farmers’ incomes, raise living costs, jeopardise food security, and weaken Thailand’s position as a major agricultural exporter in the region.
To safeguard the sector's future, Thailand must accelerate the adoption of advanced technologies and sustainable farming practices. Eco-friendly pesticides, integrated pest management, and weather monitoring systems can help farmers mitigate damage caused by erratic weather and pests, leading to improved yields, quality, and sustainability.
The government has laid a strong foundation for agricultural progress through initiatives such as the Twenty-Year Strategy (2017–2036) and "Ignite Thailand". Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra has prioritised precision agriculture and food technology, ensuring that Thai farmers are well-positioned to enhance productivity and gain new skills through agritech and sustainable solutions.
However, additional measures are needed to accelerate this transformation. Nationwide implementation of streamlined regulations, simplified processes, and timely access to essential solutions is critical for faster progress. A “green lane” for fast-tracking emergency approvals for climate-resilient solutions, such as eco-friendly pesticides, is essential as floods and droughts continue to impact crops and livelihoods.
The Thai government’s collaboration with industry to combat the fall armyworm infestation using eco-friendly pest management has already reduced crop losses from 40% in 2019 to just 3–4% today. This underscores the importance of timely access to sustainable solutions, which also play a vital role in combating pesticide resistance.
Streamlining and digitising approval processes for sustainable pesticides and pest-resistant seeds will further enable farmers to quickly access necessary tools amidst unpredictable weather. Simplified workflows will also make farmers more receptive to adopting innovation-driven, sustainable farming models.
A faster transition to sustainable farming practices and improved crop yields offers both economic and environmental benefits. Higher-quality crop production will boost Thailand’s export competitiveness, while sustainably farmed produce meets the rising global demand for eco-friendly, traceable goods. Markets in Southeast Asia, Europe, and North America increasingly value certifications such as the Sustainable Rice Platform, reflecting consumer preference for sustainable products.
Thailand can also leverage its Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to expand market access for agricultural products. Currently, 69% of Thailand’s agricultural exports go to FTA partners, including key markets such as China, ASEAN countries, and Japan.
Beyond economic gains, sustainable farming practices will reduce environmental damage, enhance climate resilience, and align with global sustainability goals. Healthier soils will improve crop resilience, stabilise food prices, and boost food security.
Together, these measures present Thailand with an opportunity to become a regional hub for agricultural innovation, attracting investment and fostering long-term economic growth. Policymakers, industry leaders, and farmers must work in unison to transform the sector, paving the way for a sustainable and prosperous future for all.