SAN JOSé - Costa Ricans voted for a new president Sunday from a crowded field of candidates, with no clear favorite to tackle a worsening economy in one of Latin America's stablest democracies.
Twelve hours of voting closed at 6:00 pm (midnight GMT) in what is frequently rated the region's "happiest" country, a tourist mecca and a leading green economy.
However, polls show unemployment, corruption and creeping living costs topping the concerns of 3.5 million eligible voters in the Central American country of five million people.
Unemployment has been steadily rising for more than a decade and reached 14.4 percent in 2021.
Poverty was at 23 percent last year, and a public debt at 70 percent of GDP has raised flags for multilateral agencies.
Costa Rica's problems have worsened with the Covid-19 pandemic dealing a hard blow to its critical tourism sector.
"Voting is the most important weapon we have to solve problems," said 35-year-old Francisco Zeledon, the first voter in line at his polling station.
"We have to solve poverty and create jobs for people," he said.
Polls showed about a third of voters undecided, faced with a choice from 25 presidential candidates.
But one trend was clear: the ruling Citizens' Action Party (PAC) appeared set for a bruising defeat amid sky-high anti-government sentiment.
Its candidate, former economy minister Welmer Ramos polled at only about 0.3 percent.
- Record unpopularity -
"The ruling party is completely weakened and has no chance" after two successive terms in office, said political analyst Eugenia Aguirre.
"The presidential unpopularity figure of 72 percent is the highest since the number was first recorded in 2013," she added.
This meant the country's traditional political heavyweights -- the centrist National Liberation Party (PLN) and the right-wing Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) -- could return to the fore after decades of a near political duopoly only recently broken by the PAC.
According to polling, former president Jose Maria Figueres (1994-98) of the PLN was leading with about 17 percent of stated support, followed by the PUSC's Lineth Saborio on about 13 percent.
"This country has a million and a half people living in poverty and half a million in extreme poverty," Figueres said on Sunday.
"There is a housing shortage of 160,000 homes. We have never experienced these things in this magnitude."
Polls showed evangelical Christian singer Fabricio Alvarado Munoz of the right-wing New Republic Party (PNR) in third spot with just over 10 percent.
He commands support from the evangelical community, which makes up about 20 percent of Costa Rica's population.
Fourth-placed was economist Rodrigo Chaves of the newly formed centrist Social Democratic Progress Party with just over eight percent.
The highest-polling left-wing candidate was Jose Maria Villalta of the Broad Front with about 7.6 percent of stated support.
Presidents in Costa Rica cannot seek immediate re-election, leaving incumbent Carlos Alvarado Quesada out of the running.
- Problems have 'worsened' -
Costa Rica is known for its eco-tourism and green policies: its energy grid is entirely run on renewable sources.
Unlike many of its volatile Central American neighbors, Costa Rica has no army, has had no armed conflicts since 1948 and no dictator since 1919.
But the worsening economic situation has hit confidence in the political class.
Voters under 40 have only known "periods in which not only problems have not been resolved, but they have worsened," university student Edgardo Soto, an undecided voter, told AFP.
Apathy and abstentionism are features of Costa Rican elections.
In 2018, 34 percent of voters stayed away, though participation is technically obligatory.
Eugenia Zamora, president of Costa Rica's electoral tribunal, said Sunday's vote kicked off with high turnout in the morning, and proceeded without incident.
"This is a country with a robust democracy... It offers lessons for other countries," added Isabel de Saint Malo, head of the Organization of American States observer mission.
Outgoing president Alvarado, for his part, said Sunday's vote was an affirmation of Costa Rica's place among "the world's strongest democracies."
Costa Ricans also cast their vote Sunday for the 57-member Congress.
Initial results are expected about three hours after polls close at 6.00 pm.
If no single presidential candidate receives 40 percent of the ballots cast, there will be a runoff between the top two on April 3.
"I hope that whoever wins really thinks of the people," said 77-year-old Mayra Sanchez after voting in the canton of Moravia, "and not of themselves."