Indo-Pakistani marriages uncoupled by politics
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Indo-Pakistani marriages uncoupled by politics

Parakram Singh Bhatti, a 23-year-old Indian man, married his Pakistani bride Primal Kaur Sodha, 22, on Jan 25 this year. Mr Bhatti and his family travelled by Thar Express train to Pakistan for the marriage, which was solemnised three days after Mr Bhatti's brother, Ompal Singh, wed Kiran Kaur, a cousin of Ms Primal.

Mahendra Singh Rathore married Chagan Kanwar in Amarkot, Pakistan, but she has been unable to obtain a visa to come and live with him in India.

When this report was written, Kiran and Primal were still waiting for their Indian visas so they could be united with their husbands.

First came the terror attack in Pulwama in the disputed Jammu & Kashmir region, in which 40 Indian paramilitary personnel were killed, which pushed up tensions between India and Pakistan. Then came the general election campaign, during which a lot of the work of the Indian government slowed to a halt.

The Bhattis have now been assured by a Union cabinet minister and by Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, their local representative in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of parliament, that the two brides will soon be issued visas.

But the decision depends largely on the nature of Indo-Pakistani relations at any given time. Any hostile action from either side and the visas will once again become the first casualty.

"We have been assured but are keeping our fingers crossed," Parakram Singh Bhatti told Asia Focus.

Like the Bhatti brothers, Mahendra Singh Rathore is waiting to be united with his bride, Chagan Kanwar. They married on April 16 in Amarkot, Pakistan, and Mr Shekhawat has offered assurances that a visa is in the pipeline. But Mr Rathore is not very hopeful.

"All my relatives, parents and friends are concerned about the denial of a visa to my wife. They talk about it constantly," said Mr Rathore, who stayed in Amarkot for around two and a half months after his marriage.

The cases of the Bhatti brothers and Mr Rathore are not aberrations, but the norm for families divided between Pakistan and India. Mr Rathore originally was scheduled to marry Ms Chagan on March 8 but the latter's family was denied a visa to travel to India.

The case of Parmeet Singh Rathore was even worse. Mr Rathore, an Indian, had to solemnise the marriage of his nephew Bahadur Singh in the absence of the latter's parents, Jaaman Singh and Nutan Kaur. Mr Singh is based in Amarkot while his younger brothers Parmeet and Sumed are Indian nationals. While Mr Bahadur stays with his uncles in India, his parents and elder brother Aapsharan stay in Pakistan.

The number of Rajputs (a Hindu upper caste) in Pakistan is only around 50,000. They are mainly settled in Amarkot, Tharparkar and Qambar districts of Sindh province. According to Parmeet Singh Rathore, the majority of Hindu Rajputs in Pakistan belong to the Sodha or Parmar khaps (clans) and do not marry between them.

There are over half a million Rajputs in Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Barmer districts of Rajasthan state in northwestern India belonging to clans other than Sodha and Parmar. So that is where members of he Pakistan-based Sodha and Parmar clans look for grooms and brides. Many of these clans migrated to India from Pakistan during the wars fought between the countries in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999.

Hindu Singh Sodha, the president of Seemant Lok Sangathan (Border People's Organisation), has long been fighting for redress of the problems of migrant Hindus. He says hostility between India and Pakistan cause numerous problems for divided families.

"Pakistan is only 70 years old, but marriages between families across the border have been taking place for ages," he argued, adding that he does not understand why the Indian government seems to discourage such marriages.

Mr Sodha held talks with former foreign minister Sushma Swaraj about the issue. The latter was sympathetic, he said, but not much has materialised since then.

Marriages between Indians and Pakistanis have been taking place for generations. But getting a visa for a woman to travel to her husband's country has always been fraught with difficulties. Long-term visas come with many restrictions: they cannot open a bank account, apply for a driving licence or even move out of the city until they are granted citizenship.

The bureaucracy in Pakistan is equally unfriendly to two-country couples.

The Indian government agreed in principle 15 years ago to grant citizenship to over half a million immigrant Pakistani Hindus who migrated to India during the wars. Yet many still live in extreme poverty in Delhi, Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer and other places.

Last year, the Narendra Modi government embarked on an effort to give citizenship to all Hindus, Christians, Buddhists, Jains and others who migrate to India from Muslim-majority Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. It proposed a bill in Parliament to this effect.

However, it had to beat a retreat following huge opposition in the northeastern states. They feared the amendment would legitimise migration of Hindus from neighbouring Bangladesh in particular, potentially affecting the demographic make-up of the region.

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