The massive rally in fertilisers is coming for rice, a staple food for half of the world’s population, with farmers in one of the top exporters bracing for exorbitant prices of crop nutrients in the coming planting season.
The cost of fertiliser in Thailand is on track to double from 2020, with prices now at 16,000 baht per tonne compared with an average 10,000 baht last year, according to Pramote Charoensilp, president of the Thai Agriculturist Association, which represents rice farmers in the world’s third-biggest shipper.
“It’ll be a problem for rice farmers in coming months. Many of them have already harvested last season’s rice and are getting ready for planting so they’ll need fertiliser,” Mr Pramote said in an interview on Tuesday. “A tonne of fertiliser is now more expensive than a tonne of rice.”
Rice is a food staple in many countries in Asia and surging fertiliser prices because of a global energy crunch are set to raise costs for many farmers in the region. In some countries, that may lead to governments having to step in to boost farmer subsidies in order to ensure essential supplies.
China’s curbs
Like many other rice-producing nations, Thailand buys almost all of its urea, phosphate and potassium from abroad, including from China. That makes the country more vulnerable to changes in Chinese export policies, and the woes are exacerbated by rising logistic costs.
China is stepping up inspection of fertiliser exports amid concern over the impact of rising prices on domestic food security, according to a customs notice dated Oct 11. China is a key supplier of urea and phosphate to the global market, including to India, Pakistan and Southeast Asian countries.
While floods spared most of Thailand’s rice fields and exporters still have a shipment target of 6 million tonnes this year, fertiliser costs will become a “big issue” for farmers already struggling with low prices, Mr Pramote said. “The government should intervene.”
Prices of white rice 5% broken, a benchmark grade, have tumbled about 30% from a February high.
Fertiliser costs are having an impact elsewhere in Asia. Vietnam’s plant production department is encouraging rice farmers to cut fertiliser use by as much as half. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, Wilfredo Roldan, administrator of the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority, expects local rice and corn prices to rise as fertiliser accounts for as much as 70% of the production cost.