The toxic haze has put Bangkokians on high alert over their health. But humans aren't the only ones suffering. Animals in the city are also at risk.
Veterinarian Dr Chatkaew Tridech, management and development manager at Talingchan Animal Hospital, says PM 2.5 affects pets and other animals in a similar way to humans. Exposure to PM 2.5 may result in animals getting sick from respiratory-related diseases, allergies and lung infections. (As yet, there is little evidence to suggest that it causes cancer in animals.)
"It should be noted that things are potentially more severe for animals. If animals breathe in the same amount of these particles as humans, it affects them more, as their bodies and lungs are smaller," Dr Chatkaew pointed out. Symptoms to look out for in animals include coughing, breathing trouble, runny nose, tearing up, red and puffy eyes, pale gums, lack of energy, lack of appetite and a tendency to drink more water than usual. If even a few of these symptoms are present, pet owners are encouraged to go to the vet immediately. Don't wait until all of the symptoms manifest.
Veterinarian Dr Chatkaew Tridech. Photo courtesy of Talingchan Animal Hospital
Some factors that may contribute to the severity of the symptoms include the size, breed, age and existing health conditions of the animal. Pets with short snouts, such as Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, Pugs and Persian cats, carry higher risk, as particulate matter can reach deeper into their lungs due to their physical structure. Their ability to breathe -- already comparatively difficult -- can worsen. Age is also a possible factor, as it affects an animal's immunity levels. Those under six months and over six years old carry higher risk. According to Dr Chatkaew, while there is as yet no clear evidence that PM 2.5 has a direct effect on healthy animals, those with existing respiratory and pulmonary-related problems are experiencing worsened conditions at this time.
With these risks in mind, pet owners are advised to take preventative measures. Pets should be kept indoors, preferably in closed off areas, to limit them from being exposed to air pollution. The use of air purifiers at home also is recommended. Air conditioners should be cleaned regularly. Outside, plants should be watered and floors washed to add moisture to the air around the house, which helps the dust particles to settle. If possible, owners should refrain from taking their pets outside. If possible, exercise indoors. If that can't be done, however, make sure that any walks are short. Regularly bathing your pet can also help reduce dust on their hair and fur. These preventive measures also benefit humans.
While pets may be easier to care for, Dr Chatkaew said she is especially concerned for stray dogs and cats. Preventing them from being exposed to the smog is an extremely difficult task. "Stray cats and dogs roam around, which makes it hard to control and manage their behaviour, or even reach them. As they live mostly outdoors, they are the ones most affected by the smog.
"If there's any way we can improve the situation for them, it would require a collective effort from the community to lessen activities that lead to air pollution in their own area; for example, refrain from burning things in open areas or keeping the car engine running while parked," she said.
The state can also take part in helping to improve the situation for stray animals by subsidising the cost of their treatment should they fall ill due to the smog and have to be taken to hospital. Dr Chatkaew suggested that a long-term solution like animal registration would help authorities locate animals and bring them into safe indoor enclosures. However, she admitted that this could not happen in time for the current haze crisis.
"In the end, in order to deal with the smog situation, it will take everyone working together for themselves and their pets. Do what you can and do it right away -- don't wait for the state to step in. Everything takes time, and the more you wait around, the worse it will be for you and your pet's health," she said.